YKR

work
and life

Northeaster — Winslow Homer

NortheasterWinslow Homer

My name is Yadukrishna Raghu—in vernacular: Yadu. I'm interested in how nontraditional (mainly quantum) compute facilitates scaling intelligence. In the past, I've published astrophysics research constraining the local stellar mass distribution. I also love art & history from pre-modern Europe & South Asia.

Career & research interests

Present directions

How can different kinds of compute
help us scale intelligence?

Math & physics at UC Berkeley.
Thinking across quantum information, learning, and geometry.

01QC

Quantum computing

What does a different model of computation make possible? I’m interested in quantum information, the structure of quantum states, and the resources that useful quantum computation requires.

Quantum information notes
02QML

Quantum machine learning

The intersection: how quantum systems might change the way we represent information and learn from it. I’m interested in where that connection leads to a useful computational advantage.

Reading guides
03ML

Machine learning

How intelligence scales, and what makes learning work. My interests connect deep learning with the geometry of representations and the compute that supports them.

Machine learning notes

Past research

Astrophysics · 2023–2026

Featured paper · First author · 2024

Reading the mass distribution
through cooling worlds.

Brown dwarfs cool as they age. The same temperature can belong to a young, low-mass object or an older, more massive one—so weighing an entire population takes an indirect approach.

In my work with collaborators, we simulated brown dwarf populations with different mass functions, birthrates, and low-mass cutoffs. Comparing their predicted temperatures with the local 20-parsec census let us constrain how mass is distributed at the low-mass end of star formation.

α ≈ 0.5Preferred power-law slope
dN/dM ∝ M−α
≲ 0.005 M☉Upper bound on the
low-mass formation cutoff

A closer look · The L/T transition

An age signature in the temperature distribution.

Our simulations predict an excess of younger brown dwarfs around 1200–1350 K, where L dwarfs transition into T dwarfs. In the Saumon & Marley evolutionary models, a pile-up just before this transition suggests that cooling slows in this region.

Original Figure 8: simulated brown dwarf temperature distribution, stacked by ages from 0–1 to 9–10 billion years. Younger objects contribute strongly to the bump around 1200–1350 kelvin.
Fig. 8 · Colored by age The original simulated distribution: α = 0.5, a Late-Burst birthrate, a 0.001 M☉ cutoff, and Saumon & Marley (2008) models. Each color is a one-billion-year age interval. Raghu et al., 2024 ↗
Original Figure 9: median simulated age dips near the L/T transition, with broad standard deviations in each temperature bin.
Fig. 9 · Median age Points show medians; error bars show the standard deviation in each temperature bin.

The dip is in age.

The median-age plot makes the younger population at the transition visible. This is a prediction of the simulations; testing it calls for independent age estimates or observations of clusters with known ages.

When we restrict the population to 8–10 billion years, the L/T bump disappears. The older population has had time to cool beyond it.

Compare young and old populations
Original Figure A1: young and old temperature distributions on the left; old objects separated into mass ranges on the right. The old population lacks the young L/T transition bump.
Appendix · Fig. A1 Young (0–2 Gyr) versus old (8–10 Gyr) populations, followed by the old population colored by mass. Original figure from the paper.

Art & history

Europe & South Asia

Other worlds,
closer looking.

Outside my technical interests, I’m drawn to the art and history of pre-modern Europe and South Asia. Two places to begin looking: the landscape of everyday life, and the worlds built around a story.

Bruegel’s The Harvesters: people working and resting among golden fields, with a village and distant landscape.

Europe · 1565

Life within a landscape.

Bruegel’s The Harvesters brings work, rest, and the seasons into one expansive scene. Painted for an Antwerp merchant’s country home, it also places everyday rural life within the world of its patron.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder · The Harvesters
The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Public domain ↗
Mughal manuscript painting of Krishna holding Mount Govardhan above a gathering of villagers and animals.

South Asia · ca. 1590–95

A world within a folio.

In this Mughal Harivamsa folio, Krishna shelters the villagers of Braj beneath Mount Govardhan. A mountain, a community, and a sacred narrative share the space of a single manuscript page.

Krishna Holds Up Mount Govardhan
The Metropolitan Museum of Art · Public domain ↗
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